Explanation of "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization" Comrades Xi Jinping: Entrusted by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, I will provide an explanation regarding the drafting of "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization." I. Considerations for Determining the Plenary Session's Agenda Planning and deploying reforms around the Party's central tasks is a successful experience of the Party's leadership in reform and opening up. Based on practical experience and current needs, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided that the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party would focus on further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization, mainly due to the following considerations. First, this is an urgent need to unite hearts, gather strength, and achieve the Party's central tasks in the new era and new journey. Practice has fully proven that in the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, our country has made great strides to catch up with the times, relying on reform and opening up. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party and state undertakings have achieved historical accomplishments and undergone historical changes, also relying on reform and opening up. In the new era and new journey, to create a new situation in Chinese modernization, we still need to rely on reform and opening up. The 20th National Congress of the Party established the central task of comprehensively building a modern socialist powerful country, achieving the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization. It expounded on the Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, major principles, etc., of Chinese modernization, and made strategic deployments for advancing Chinese modernization. To implement these strategic deployments and turn the blueprint of Chinese modernization into reality, the fundamental lies in further comprehensively deepening reform, continuously improving various systems and mechanisms, and providing institutional guarantees for advancing Chinese modernization. Second, this is an urgent need to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, we have highlighted institutional building as the main thread, perfecting various systems through comprehensive deepening of reform, promoting the socialist system with Chinese characteristics to become more mature and formalized, significantly improving the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capabilities, and providing strong institutional guarantees for comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society. At the same time, we must clearly see that improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic process and will inevitably continue to develop with the development of practice. Existing systems need to be continuously improved, and new areas and new practices require institutional innovation and filling institutional gaps. Faced with new situations and tasks, we must further comprehensively deepen reform, continue to improve various systems and mechanisms, consolidate foundations, leverage advantages, address shortcomings, and strengthen weaknesses, constantly transforming our institutional advantages into better national governance effectiveness. Third, this is an urgent need to promote high-quality development and better adapt to the changes in the principal contradiction of our society. Currently, the prominent problem faced by high-quality development is still unbalanced and insufficient development. For example, the market system is still imperfect, market development is still insufficient, the relationship between government and market has not been completely straightened out, innovation capabilities do not meet the requirements of high-quality development, the industrial system as a whole is large but not strong, comprehensive but not refined, the situation of key core technologies being controlled by others has not fundamentally changed, the agricultural foundation is still unstable, the urban-rural and regional development and income distribution gaps are still relatively large, and there are still shortcomings in livelihood protection and ecological environmental protection, etc. In short, these problems are reflections of the changing principal contradiction of society and are problems in development, which must be further comprehensively deepened reform to promote their resolution from the perspective of systems and mechanisms. Fourth, this is an urgent need to respond to major risks and challenges and promote the steady and long-term development of the Party and state undertakings. Advancing Chinese modernization is an entirely new undertaking, and various contradictions, risks, and challenges will inevitably be encountered on the road ahead. In particular, the world is undergoing accelerated changes unseen in a century, with frequent local conflicts and turbulence, intensified global problems, and escalating external suppression and containment. Our country's development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing, with various "black swan" and "gray rhino" events possible at any time. To effectively address these risks and challenges and gain strategic initiative in increasingly fierce international competition, we need to further comprehensively deepen reform, use improved systems to prevent and resolve risks, effectively respond to challenges, and foster new opportunities in crises and create new situations in changes. II. About the Drafting Process of the Decision Draft In November 2023, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to establish the drafting group for the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party, with me as the head and Comrades Wang Huning, Cai Qi, and Ding Xuexiang as deputy heads, to undertake the drafting work under the leadership of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. On December 8, the drafting group held its first plenary meeting, and the drafting work officially began. In over seven months, the drafting group conducted in-depth investigations and research, extensively solicited opinions, carried out special demonstrations, and repeatedly discussed and revised the draft. In the drafting process of the decision draft, we focused on the following key points: First, summarizing and applying the valuable experience of reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era, to determine the principles to be followed and adhere to the correct political direction. Second, closely focusing on advancing Chinese modernization and implementing the strategic deployments of the 20th National Congress of the Party to plan further comprehensive deepening of reform, adhering to a problem-oriented approach. Third, grasping key points, emphasizing institutional and mechanism reforms, highlighting strategic and overarching major reforms, and emphasizing the leading role of economic system reform, to highlight the guiding role of reform. Fourth, adhering to the people-centered approach, planning and advancing reforms from the perspective of the overall, fundamental, and long-term interests of the people. Fifth, strengthening systematic integration and strengthening the overall planning and systematic layout of reforms, so that various reforms cooperate with each other and are efficient and synergistic. The drafting of this plenary session's document involved upholding democracy and pooling wisdom throughout the entire process. On November 27, 2023, the Central Committee issued a notice to solicit opinions from various regions, departments, and sectors, as well as some cadres and people, on the agenda of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party. Everyone unanimously believed that the Central Committee's decision to focus the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party on further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization demonstrates a firm determination to carry reform through to the end and a strong sense of mission and responsibility. It is a re-declaration of what banner to hold and what path to take in the new era and new journey, and it has significant and far-reaching implications for comprehensively advancing the building of a powerful country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization. Various regions, departments, and sectors put forward many valuable suggestions on the theme, framework, and important measures of the document, providing important references for the drafting of the decision draft. On May 7, 2024, the decision draft was circulated within a certain scope of the Party for comments, opinions were solicited from veteran comrades within the Party, and opinions were specifically heard from the heads of various democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and representatives of non-Party personages, as well as opinions from relevant enterprises and expert scholars. From the feedback, everyone unanimously believed that the decision draft closely revolves around the theme of advancing Chinese modernization to outline strategic measures for further comprehensively deepening reform, adheres to the correct political direction, focuses on planning reforms to address major institutional and mechanism problems that need to be solved in advancing Chinese modernization. It has a clear theme, highlights key points, and proposes pragmatic and feasible measures. It is a general mobilization and general deployment for promoting comprehensive deepening of reform towards breadth and depth in the new era and new journey, fully reflecting the historical initiative of improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, and will surely provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese modernization. At the same time, various parties put forward 1911 amendment opinions and suggestions. The drafting group carefully studied these opinions and suggestions, absorbed as many as possible, and made 221 revisions. In the drafting process, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held 3 meetings and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held 2 meetings for deliberation and revision, forming the decision draft submitted to this plenary session for deliberation. III. Basic Framework and Main Contents of the Decision Draft The decision draft, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, has 15 parts, divided into three sections. The first part is the first section, which is the general introduction, mainly expounding on the great significance and overall requirements of further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. Parts two to fourteen constitute the second section, which are the specific discussions, mainly deploying reforms in the economic, political, cultural, social, ecological civilization, national security, and national defense and military fields. Part fifteen is the third section, which mainly discusses strengthening the Party's leadership over reform, deepening the reform of the Party building system, and the fight against corruption and for clean governance. The content items are sequentially arranged throughout the text, with 60 items listed. The decision draft, anchored to the goal of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035, focuses on deploying major reform measures for the next five years, and has the following characteristics in content arrangement. First, it emphasizes playing the leading role of economic system reform. Deepening economic system reform remains the focus of further comprehensively deepening reform. The main tasks are to improve systems and mechanisms conducive to high-quality development, shape new drivers and advantages for development, adhere to and implement "two unswervinglys," build a unified national market, and improve the basic socialist market economy system. The decision draft focuses on the core issue of handling the relationship between government and market, placing the building of a high-level socialist market economy system in a prominent position, and making deployments for key areas and crucial links in economic system reform. To enhance the core functions and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises, it proposes strengthening strategic coordination among relevant management departments, promoting the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and pushing for state capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better, and larger; to promote the development of the non-public economy, it proposes enacting a law on promoting the private economy, strengthening judicial protection of property rights, and preventing and rectifying the use of administrative and criminal means to interfere in economic disputes. It proposes strengthening the rigid constraints of fair competition review, clearing and abolishing various regulations and practices that hinder the unified national market and fair competition, improving factor market systems and rules, and so on. These measures will better stimulate the endogenous动力 and innovation vitality of the whole society. The decision draft makes deployments for improving systems and mechanisms to promote high-quality economic development and accelerate the development of new productive forces. Focusing on developing productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, it proposes strengthening institutional supply in new fields and new tracks, establishing a growth mechanism for investment in future industries, leading the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with national standards, and promoting the concentration of various advanced factors of production towards the development of new productive forces. The decision draft makes deployments for improving the macroeconomic governance system. It proposes improving the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanism; coordinating the promotion of fiscal and tax system reforms, increasing local fiscal autonomy, expanding local tax sources, appropriately expanding the scope of support for local government special bonds, and appropriately strengthening central affairs and increasing the proportion of central government expenditure; improving the positioning and governance of financial institutions, improving the function of the capital market in coordinating investment and financing, and improving the financial regulatory system. The decision draft makes deployments for improving the urban-rural integrated development system and mechanism. It proposes improving systems and mechanisms for promoting new-type urbanization; consolidating and improving the basic rural management system; improving the system for supporting agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching farmers; and deepening land system reform. The decision draft makes deployments for improving the high-level opening-up system and mechanism. It proposes steadily expanding institutional opening-up; deepening foreign trade system reform; deepening foreign investment and outward investment management system reform; optimizing regional opening-up layout; and improving mechanisms for promoting high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. Second, it emphasizes building systems and mechanisms to support comprehensive innovation. The decision draft coordinates the integrated reform of education, science and technology, and talent systems and mechanisms, emphasizing deepening comprehensive education reform, deepening science and technology system reform, and deepening talent development system and mechanism reform, to improve the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. In terms of education system reform, it proposes categorized promotion of university reform, establishing a mechanism for adjusting discipline settings and talent training models driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, making extraordinary layouts for urgently needed disciplines and specialties; improving university scientific and technological innovation mechanisms, and improving the effectiveness of achievement transformation. In terms of science and technology system reform, it proposes strengthening the building of national strategic scientific and technological forces, optimizing the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises, improving science and technology program management, strengthening the forward-looking and leading layout in basic research, interdisciplinary frontier fields, and key areas; strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establishing a mechanism to cultivate and strengthen leading scientific and technological enterprises; allowing scientific research institutions to implement more flexible management systems than general public institutions, and exploring the implementation of enterprise-like management; deepening the reform of empowering intellectual property rights from job-related scientific and technological achievements. In terms of talent development system and mechanism reform, it proposes accelerating the building of national strategic talent forces and improving the quality of various types of talents; improving the mechanism for discovering, selecting, and cultivating young innovative talents, and better guaranteeing the treatment of young scientific and technological personnel; strengthening talent incentive mechanisms, adhering to decentralization to employers, and freeing up talents; improving the support and guarantee mechanisms for overseas introduced talents. Third, it emphasizes comprehensive reform. The decision draft plans further comprehensive deepening of reform within the framework of coordinating the promotion of the "Five-sphere Integrated Plan" and the "Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy," coordinating the deployment of economic system reform and reforms in other fields. In terms of democratic and rule of law reforms, it makes deployments for improving the system of whole-process people's democracy and the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, respectively. It proposes strengthening institutional building for the people to be masters of the country; improving the consultative democracy mechanism; improving grassroots democracy system; and perfecting the broad united front work pattern. It proposes strengthening legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas; improving the system and mechanism where supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorial organs, judicial organs, and judicial administrative organs perform their respective duties, and where supervisory power, investigative power, procuratorial power, judicial power, and enforcement power cooperate and restrain each other; and improving mechanisms for promoting the building of a socialist rule of law society. In terms of cultural system reform, focusing on advancing modernization that coordinates material and spiritual civilization, it proposes promoting the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education, improving and innovating mechanisms for cultivating civilization, practicing civilization, and creating civilization; optimizing mechanisms for cultural service and cultural product supply, establishing mechanisms for high-quality cultural resources to directly reach the grassroots; improving the integrated network governance system; promoting the restructuring of the international communication landscape, and building a more effective international communication system. In terms of improving systems for guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods, it proposes improving the income distribution system and regulating income distribution order; optimizing the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment promotion, supporting and regulating the development of new employment forms; improving social security systems for flexible employees, migrant workers, and new employment forms personnel, fully abolishing household registration restrictions for participation in insurance in the place of employment; proposing accelerating the building of a new model for real estate development, fully empowering local city governments with autonomy in real estate market regulation; proposing deepening medical and health system reform, implementing a health-first development strategy; proposing improving the population development support and service system, improving the fertility support policy system and incentive mechanisms, improving policy mechanisms for developing elderly care services and industries, and prudently and orderly advancing gradual delayed statutory retirement age reform based on voluntary and flexible principles. In terms of ecological civilization system reform, it proposes improving the basic ecological civilization system, improving the ecological environment governance system, and improving green and low-carbon development mechanisms; proposing implementing differentiated, regional, and precise ecological environment management systems, improving horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms, implementing fiscal, financial, investment, pricing policies and standard systems that support green and low-carbon development, and accelerating the planning and construction of a new energy system. Fourth, it emphasizes coordinating development and security. National security is an important foundation for the steady and long-term development of Chinese modernization. The decision draft places the safeguarding of national security in a more prominent position, focusing on advancing the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, proposing to build a linked and efficient national security protection system, and promoting national security through technological empowerment; improving the system for handling major public emergencies; establishing an artificial intelligence security regulatory system; exploring the establishment of a unified national population management system; and improving the overall social治安 prevention and control system, and severely punishing illegal and criminal activities that the public strongly reacts to in accordance with the law. It proposes establishing and improving coordination mechanisms for peripheral security work; improving mechanisms for countering sanctions, interference, and "long-arm jurisdiction"; improving trade risk prevention and control mechanisms, improving the foreign-related legal and regulatory system and the rule of law implementation system, and deepening international cooperation in law enforcement and justice. Focusing on continuously deepening reform of national defense and the military, it proposes improving the leadership and management system and mechanisms of the People's Liberation Army, deepening the reform of the joint operations system, and deepening cross-military and local reforms. Fifth, it emphasizes strengthening the Party's leadership over reform. The Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. The decision draft proposes improving the implementation mechanism for major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee; deepening cadre personnel system reform, clearly establishing a correct orientation for selecting and appointing personnel, vigorously selecting and appointing cadres who are politically sound, dare to take responsibility, are keen on reform, have outstanding performance, and are honest and clean, and focusing on solving problems of cadres acting recklessly, not acting, not daring to act, and not being good at acting; establishing and practicing correct performance views, implementing the "three differentiations," and incentivizing cadres to forge ahead and strive for achievements; enhancing the political and organizational functions of Party organizations; improving institutional mechanisms for preventing formalism and bureaucracy, improving mechanisms for jointly investigating and treating malpractices and corruption problems, and enriching effective methods for preventing new types of corruption and hidden corruption. It is hoped that all comrades will deeply understand the spirit of the Party Central Committee, focus on the theme of the plenary session for discussion, put forward constructive amendment opinions and suggestions, and jointly make this plenary session a success and revise the decision draft well.
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization (Adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 18, 2024) To implement the strategic deployments made by the 20th National Congress of the Party, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee studied the issue of further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization, and made the following decision. I. Great Significance and Overall Requirements of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization (1) Importance and Necessity of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform. Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the Party and the people's cause to catch up with the times in big strides. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party was epoch-making, initiating a new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Party was also epoch-making, initiating a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform and systematically advancing reform in the new era, and creating a new situation for our country's reform and opening up. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the entire Party, army, and people of all ethnic groups, with great historical initiative, immense political courage, and strong sense of responsibility, to break through ideological shackles, overcome solidified interests, dare to venture into deep waters, dare to tackle tough bones, dare to navigate dangerous shoals, resolutely eliminate systemic and institutional弊端 in all aspects, achieving a transformation of reform from local exploration and breaking through barriers to systematic integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional framework in various fields has been largely established, and many areas have undergone historical changes, systemic reshaping, and overall reconstruction, generally completing the reform tasks set by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Party, achieving the goal of significant results in making various systems more mature and formalized by the centenary of the Party's founding, providing a strong institutional guarantee for comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society and achieving the Party's first centenary goal, and pushing our country onto a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. The current and a period to come are critical for comprehensively advancing the building of a powerful country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization. Chinese modernization has been continuously advanced through reform and opening up, and will certainly open up broad prospects in reform and opening up. Faced with complex international and domestic situations, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and new expectations from the people, we must continue to push reform forward. This is a necessary requirement for upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, a necessary requirement for implementing the new development philosophy and better adapting to the changes in the principal contradiction of our society, a necessary requirement for upholding the people-centered approach and allowing the achievements of modernization to benefit all people more extensively and equitably, a necessary requirement for responding to major risks and challenges and promoting the steady and long-term development of the Party and state undertakings, a necessary requirement for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and gaining strategic initiative in the accelerating changes unseen in a century, and a necessary requirement for deeply advancing the Party's new great project of Party building and building a stronger and more powerful Marxist party. Reform and opening up is an ongoing process, not a completed one. The entire Party must consciously place reform in a more prominent position and closely focus on advancing Chinese modernization to further comprehensively deepen reform. (2) Guiding Ideology for Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform. Adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new conclusions on comprehensively deepening reform, fully and accurately implement the new development philosophy, adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, and being pragmatic, further liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, coordinate the domestic and international overall situations, coordinate the promotion of the "Five-sphere Integrated Plan," coordinate the promotion of the "Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy," with economic system reform as the leading factor, with promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people's well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal, pay more attention to systematic integration, more attention to highlighting key points, and more attention to reform effectiveness, promote a better alignment between production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic base, national governance and social development, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese modernization. (3) Overall Goal of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform. Continue to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. By 2035, comprehensively build a high-level socialist market economic system, further improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, basically achieve the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, basically achieve socialist modernization, and lay a solid foundation for comprehensively building a modern socialist powerful country by the middle of this century. —Focus on building a high-level socialist market economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better leverage the role of the government, adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, promote high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, promote high-level opening up, build a modern economic system, accelerate the building of a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development. —Focus on developing whole-process people's democracy, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being masters of the country, and law-based governance, promote a more sound system for the people to be masters of the country, a wide and multi-layered institutionalized development of consultative democracy, and a more perfect socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and achieve a higher level in building a socialist rule of law country. —Focus on building a strong socialist culture, adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding position in the ideological sphere, improve systems and mechanisms for cultural undertakings and cultural industry development, promote cultural prosperity, enrich people's spiritual and cultural life, and enhance national cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture. —Focus on improving people's living standards, improve income distribution and employment systems, improve the social security system, enhance the balanced and accessible nature of basic public services, and achieve more noticeable and substantive progress in the all-round development of people and common prosperity for all. —Focus on building a beautiful China, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, improve the ecological environment governance system, promote ecological priority, intensive and economical use of resources, and green and low-carbon development, and promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. —Focus on building a higher level of peaceful China, improve the national security system, strengthen an integrated national strategic system, enhance national security capabilities, innovate social governance systems, mechanisms, and methods, and effectively build a new security pattern. —Focus on improving the Party's leadership level and long-term governance capabilities, innovate and improve leadership and governance methods, deepen the reform of the Party building system, and improve the system of comprehensive strict self-governance of the Party. By the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 2029, the reform tasks set forth in this decision will be completed. (4) Principles for Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform. Summarize and apply the valuable experience of reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era, and implement the following principles: adhere to the Party's overall leadership, resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, play the Party's leading core role in overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, integrate the Party's leadership throughout all aspects and the entire process of reform, and ensure that reform always proceeds along the correct political direction; adhere to the people-centered approach, respect the principal position and pioneering spirit of the people, respond to the people's calls, ensure that reform is for the people, relies on the people, and its achievements are shared by the people; adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, adhere to the socialist system with Chinese characteristics without wavering, keep pace with the times, adapt to practical development, focus on problems, and promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation, and other innovations from a new starting point; adhere to institutional building as the main thread, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, combine abolition and establishment, establish first and then abolish, solidify fundamental systems, improve basic systems, and innovate important systems; adhere to comprehensively governing the country according to law, deepen reform and advance Chinese modernization on the track of rule of law, ensure the unity of reform and rule of law, ensure that major reforms are based on law, and promptly elevate reform achievements to legal systems; adhere to a systemic approach, properly handle major relationships such as economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, development and security, and enhance the systemic, holistic, and synergistic nature of reform. II. Building a High-Level Socialist Market Economic System A high-level socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must better leverage the role of market mechanisms, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, achieve optimal efficiency and maximum benefits in resource allocation, both "liberalize effectively" and "manage effectively," better maintain market order, compensate for market failures, smooth national economic circulation, and stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society. (5) Adhere to and Implement the "Two Unswervinglys." Unswervingly consolidate and develop the public ownership economy, unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public ownership economy, ensure that various ownership economies use production factors equally, participate in market competition fairly, and receive equal legal protection in accordance with the law, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of various ownership economies. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, improve the management and supervision system and mechanism, strengthen strategic coordination among relevant management departments, promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and promote state capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better, and larger, enhance core functions, and improve core competitiveness. Further clarify the functional positioning of different types of state-owned enterprises, improve the management of their main responsibilities and businesses, and clarify the key investment areas and directions of state capital. Promote the concentration of state capital in important industries and key fields related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency capabilities, and public welfare fields related to people's livelihoods, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries. Improve the institutional arrangements for state-owned enterprises to promote original innovation. Deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operating companies. Establish a performance evaluation system for state-owned enterprises fulfilling strategic missions, improve the classified assessment and evaluation system for state-owned enterprises, and conduct value-added accounting of the state-owned economy. Promote the independent operation of natural monopoly links and market-oriented reform of competitive links in industries such as energy, railway, telecommunications, water conservancy, and public utilities, and improve the regulatory system and mechanism. Adhere to the policy of striving to create a good environment and provide more opportunities for the development of the non-public economy. Enact a law on promoting the private economy. Deeply break down market access barriers, promote fair access for business entities to competitive fields of infrastructure, and improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major national project construction. Support capable private enterprises to lead major national technological research tasks and further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private enterprises. Improve financial support policies and systems for private enterprises, and solve the problems of difficult and expensive financing. Improve the long-term supervision of enterprise-related fees and the legal and regulatory system for clearing outstanding enterprise payments. Accelerate the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for private enterprise credit status and improve the credit enhancement system for private small and medium-sized enterprises. Support and guide private enterprises to improve their governance structure and management system, and strengthen enterprise compliance and integrity risk prevention and control. Strengthen ex-post supervision, and standardize administrative inspections involving private enterprises. Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote entrepreneurship, support and guide various types of enterprises to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and management level, fulfill social responsibilities, and accelerate the building of more world-class enterprises. (6) Building a Unified National Market. Promote the unification of basic market institutional rules, fair and unified market supervision, and high-standard connectivity of market facilities. Strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, and clear and abolish various regulations and practices that hinder the unified national market and fair competition. Standardize local investment attraction laws and regulations, and strictly prohibit illegal and irregular policy preferential behaviors. Establish and improve a unified, standardized, and information-sharing platform system for public resource transactions such as bidding and government, public institution, and state-owned enterprise procurement, realizing full-process public management of projects. Improve the overall market supervision capability and level. Improve the national standard system and deepen the reform of local standard management system. Improve the factor market system and rules, promote the smooth flow of production factors, efficient allocation of various resources, and full release of market potential. Build a unified urban and rural construction land market. Improve the basic system for regulating the healthy development of the capital market. Cultivate a nationally integrated technology and data market. Improve the mechanism where factor prices are primarily determined by market supply and demand, and prevent undue government interference in price formation. Improve the mechanism for labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, data, and other factors of production to be evaluated by the market based on contribution and compensated according to contribution. Promote price reform in water, energy, and transportation sectors, optimize the tiered pricing system for residential water, electricity, and gas, and improve the refined oil pricing mechanism. Improve the circulation system, accelerate the development of the Internet of Things, improve a unified and interconnected circulation rule and standard system, and reduce overall social logistics costs. Deepen energy management system reform, build a unified national electricity market, and optimize the operation and dispatch mechanism of oil and gas pipelines. Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of fundamental, public welfare, and long-term major projects, improve the system and mechanism for government investment to effectively drive social investment, deepen the investment approval system reform, and improve mechanisms for stimulating social capital investment vitality and promoting investment implementation, forming an endogenous growth mechanism for market-led effective investment. Improve the long-term mechanism for expanding consumption, reduce restrictive measures, reasonably increase public consumption, and actively promote the premiere economy. (7) Improving Basic Market Economic Systems. Improve the property rights system, protect the property rights of various ownership economies equally and permanently in accordance with the law, and establish an efficient comprehensive intellectual property management system. Improve the market information disclosure system and build a trade secret protection system. Implement the same responsibility, same crime, and same punishment for infringing upon the property rights and legitimate interests of various ownership economies, and improve the punitive damages system. Strengthen property rights enforcement and judicial protection, prevent and correct the use of administrative and criminal means to interfere in economic disputes, and improve the mechanism for identifying and correcting enterprise-related wrongful cases according to law. Improve the market access system and optimize the market access environment for new business forms and new fields. Deepen the reform of the subscribed capital registration system and implement subscriptions in accordance with the law and on time. Improve the enterprise bankruptcy mechanism, explore the establishment of a personal bankruptcy system, promote supporting reforms for enterprise deregistration, and improve the enterprise exit system. Improve the social credit system and regulatory system. III. Improving Systems and Mechanisms for Promoting High-Quality Economic Development High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. We must lead reform with the new development philosophy, base ourselves on the new development stage, deepen supply-side structural reform, improve incentive and restraint mechanisms that promote high-quality development, and shape new drivers and advantages for development. (8) Improving Systems and Mechanisms for Developing New Productive Forces Based on Local Conditions. Promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries, promote the optimal combination and renewal and leapfrogging of laborers, means of labor, and objects of labor, give birth to new industries, new models, and new drivers, and develop productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. Strengthen innovation in key common technologies, frontier leading technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, strengthen institutional supply in new fields and new tracks, establish a growth mechanism for investment in future industries, improve policies and governance systems for the development of strategic industries such as new-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with national standards, and support enterprises in using digital intelligence and green technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries. Strengthen institutional constraints on environmental protection and safety. Improve relevant rules and policies, accelerate the formation of production relations that are more compatible with new productive forces, promote the concentration of various advanced production factors towards the development of new productive forces, and significantly increase total factor productivity. Encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment, and better leverage the role of government investment funds, and develop patient capital. (9) Improving Systems for Promoting Deep Integration of Real Economy and Digital Economy. Accelerate the advancement of new industrialization, cultivate and strengthen advanced manufacturing clusters, and promote the high-end, intelligent, and green development of manufacturing. Build a number of common technology platforms for industries, accelerate the transformation of industrial models and enterprise organizational forms, and improve the system and mechanism for enhancing the leading position of advantageous industries. Optimize the operation and supervision mechanism of major industrial funds to ensure that funds are invested in line with national strategic requirements. Establish an input mechanism to maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and reasonably reduce the overall cost and tax burden of manufacturing. Accelerate the building of systems and mechanisms that promote the development of the digital economy, and improve the policy system that promotes digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Accelerate the comprehensive and full-chain application of new-generation information technology, develop industrial internet, and create internationally competitive digital industrial clusters. Promote the innovative development of the platform economy, and improve the normalized regulatory system for the platform economy. Build and operate national data infrastructure, and promote data sharing. Accelerate the establishment of a system for data property rights recognition, market transactions, rights distribution, and interest protection, enhance data security governance and regulatory capabilities, and establish an efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border data flow mechanism. (10) Improving Systems and Mechanisms for Developing the Service Industry. Improve the policy system supporting the development of the service industry, optimize service industry accounting, and promote the standardization of the service industry. Focus on key links and promote the high-quality development of producer services in various fields, develop industrial internet platforms, break down administrative barriers to cross-regional operations, and promote the integrated development of producer services. Improve mechanisms for accelerating the diversified development of consumer services. Improve the legal and regulatory system for intermediary service agencies, and promote intermediary service agencies to operate honestly and responsibly in accordance with the law. (11) Improving Systems and Mechanisms for Modern Infrastructure Construction. Build a new infrastructure planning and standard system, improve the integrated utilization mechanism of new infrastructure, promote the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, broaden diversified investment and financing channels, and improve the coordination mechanism for major infrastructure construction. Deepen the reform of the comprehensive transportation system, promote railway system reform, develop general aviation and low-altitude economy, and promote the optimization of toll road policies. Improve the underwriting capacity of shipping insurance and global service level, and promote innovation in maritime arbitration systems and rules. Improve the construction, operation, and management mechanisms of major water conservancy projects. (12) Improving Systems for Enhancing the Resilience and Security of Industrial and Supply Chains. Expedite the building of independent and controllable industrial and supply chains, improve systems and mechanisms for strengthening the development of key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, medical equipment, instruments, basic software, industrial software, and advanced materials, and promote technological breakthroughs and application of results throughout the entire chain. Establish an industrial and supply chain security risk assessment and response mechanism. Improve the cooperation mechanism for orderly domestic梯度 transfer of industries, and promote benefit sharing between the transferring and receiving regions. Build national strategic hinterlands and key industrial backups. Accelerate the improvement of the national reserve system. Improve the coordinated planning, exploration, supply, storage, and sales system for strategic mineral resources. IV. Building Systems and Mechanisms to Support Comprehensive Innovation Education, science and technology, and talent are fundamental and strategic supports for Chinese modernization. We must deeply implement the strategies of invigorating the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talent, and innovation-driven development, coordinate the integrated reform of education, science and technology, and talent systems and mechanisms, improve the new national system, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. (13) Deepening Comprehensive Education Reform. Accelerate the building of a high-quality education system, coordinate the promotion of reforms in cultivation methods, school models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms. Improve the mechanism of fostering virtue through education, promote the integrated reform and innovation of ideological and political courses in primary, secondary, and higher education, improve the comprehensive system for fostering moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor development, enhance teachers' teaching abilities, improve the long-term mechanism for strengthening teacher ethics, and deepen education evaluation reform. Optimize the layout of higher education, and accelerate the building of universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese characteristics and world-class standards. Promote categorized university reform, establish a mechanism for adjusting discipline settings and talent training models driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, make extraordinary layouts for urgently needed disciplines and specialties, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary disciplines, and cultivate top-notch talents, focusing on strengthening innovation capabilities. Improve university scientific and technological innovation mechanisms, and improve the effectiveness of achievement transformation. Strengthen the synergy between science and technology education and humanities education. Accelerate the building of a vocational education system that integrates vocational and general education and industry-education integration. Improve the student internship and practice system. Guide and regulate the development of private education. Promote high-level educational opening up, and encourage high-level foreign science and engineering universities to cooperate in running schools in China. Optimize regional education resource allocation, and establish a basic public education service supply mechanism coordinated with population changes. Improve the mechanism for promoting equitable and high-quality compulsory education, and explore gradually expanding the scope of free education. Improve the guarantee mechanism for pre-school education, special education, and specialized education. Promote education digitalization and empower the building of a learning society, and strengthen lifelong education guarantees. (14) Deepening Science and Technology System Reform. Adhere to facing the world's scientific and technological frontiers, the main economic battlefield, major national needs, and people's life and health, optimize major scientific and technological innovation organizational mechanisms, coordinate and strengthen key core technology breakthroughs, and promote the systematization, institutionalization, and synergy of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent teams. Strengthen the building of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the national laboratory system, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises, promote central-local synergy in scientific and technological innovation, coordinate the construction of various scientific and technological innovation platforms, encourage and regulate the development of new research institutions, leverage the guiding role of China's super-large market, strengthen the overall planning of innovation resources and organization of forces, and promote the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build a scientific and technological security risk monitoring, early warning, and response system, and strengthen the independent guarantee of scientific and technological basic conditions. Improve the management system for scientific and technological social organizations. Expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, encourage the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and optimize the management mechanism for professional exchanges and cooperation between universities, research institutes, and scientific and technological social organizations. Improve science and technology program management, and strengthen forward-looking and leading layout in basic research, interdisciplinary frontier fields, and key areas. Strengthen organized basic research, increase the proportion of scientific and technological expenditure for basic research, improve the basic research investment mechanism combining competitive support and stable support, encourage qualified local governments, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals to support basic research, support diversified basic research topics, and encourage high-risk, high-value basic research. Deepen the reform of the scientific and technological evaluation system, strengthen scientific and technological ethics governance, and seriously rectify academic misconduct. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establish a mechanism for cultivating and strengthening leading scientific and technological enterprises, strengthen deep integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises, establish an enterprise R&D reserve fund system, and support enterprises to actively lead or participate in national scientific and technological breakthrough tasks. Build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, unique, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises to increase R&D investment and increase the super-deduction ratio for R&D expenses. Encourage and guide universities and research institutes to license scientific and technological achievements to small, medium, and micro enterprises on a pay-per-use basis. Improve the distribution and management mechanism of central government science and technology funds, and improve the implementation and professional agency management system of central government science and technology plans. Expand the scope of the "lump-sum package" system for fiscal scientific research projects, and grant scientists greater decision-making power over technical routes, greater power over budget allocation, and greater power over resource deployment. Establish a non-consensus project screening mechanism based on expert real-name recommendation. Allow scientific research institutions to implement more flexible management systems than general public institutions, and explore the implementation of enterprise-like management. Deepen the reform of scientific and technological achievement transformation mechanisms, strengthen the building of a national technology transfer system, accelerate the planning and construction of a number of concept verification and pilot production platforms, improve the first (set) production, first batch, and first version application policies, and increase government procurement of self-innovated products. Strengthen the building of a technical manager team. Allow scientific and technological personnel greater autonomy in the distribution of income from scientific and technological achievement transformation, establish a system for separate management of job-related scientific and technological achievements as assets, and deepen the reform of empowering intellectual property rights from job-related scientific and technological achievements. Deepen income distribution reform in universities and research institutes. Allow more eligible state-owned enterprises to conduct various forms of long-term incentives among scientific research personnel, guided by innovation and creation. Build a science and technology financial system compatible with scientific and technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national scientific and technological tasks and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve support policies for long-term capital investing early, small, long-term, and in hard technology. Improve the risk dispersion mechanism for major technological breakthroughs, and establish a science and technology insurance policy system. Improve the convenience for foreign investment to conduct equity investment and venture capital in China. (15) Deepening Talent Development System and Mechanism Reform. Implement more proactive, open, and effective talent policies, improve the talent self-cultivation mechanism, and accelerate the building of national high-level talent highlands and platforms for attracting and gathering talents. Accelerate the building of national strategic talent forces, focus on cultivating and nurturing strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, and focus on cultivating and nurturing excellent engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents, and improve the quality of various types of talents. Build a world-class industrial technical worker team. Improve the orderly talent flow mechanism, promote reasonable talent regional distribution, and deepen East-Central-West talent collaboration. Improve the mechanism for discovering, selecting, and cultivating young innovative talents, and better guarantee the treatment of young scientific and technological personnel. Improve the system for guaranteeing scientific researchers' focus on research. Strengthen talent incentive mechanisms, adhering to decentralization to employers and freeing up talents. Establish a talent evaluation system guided by innovation ability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution. Open up channels for talent exchange between universities, research institutes, and enterprises. Improve the support and guarantee mechanisms for overseas introduced talents, and form an internationally competitive talent system. Explore the establishment of a high-tech talent immigration system. V. Improving the Macroeconomic Governance System Scientific macroeconomic regulation and effective government governance are inherent requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economic system. We must improve the macroeconomic regulation system, coordinate the promotion of reforms in key areas such as fiscal and taxation, and finance, and enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientations. (16) Improving the National Strategic Planning System and Policy Coordination Mechanism. Build a national strategy formulation and implementation mechanism, strengthen the deep integration of major national strategies, and enhance the macroeconomic guidance and coordination functions of national strategies. Improve the national economic and social development planning system, strengthen the planning衔接 implementation mechanism, leverage the strategic guiding role of national development planning, strengthen the fundamental role of spatial planning, and enhance the implementation support role of special plans and regional plans. Improve the expert participation in public decision-making system. Focus on implementing national development plans and major strategies to promote the coordinated efforts of fiscal, monetary, industrial, pricing, and employment policies, and optimize the allocation of various incremental resources and the adjustment of stock structure. Explore the implementation of national macroeconomic balance sheet management. Include both economic and non-economic policies in the macroeconomic policy orientation consistency assessment. Improve the expectation management mechanism. Improve the statistical indicator accounting system that supports high-quality development, and strengthen the inclusion of new economies and new fields in statistics. Strengthen the statistical infrastructure for industrial activity units, optimize the statistical methods for headquarters and branches, and gradually promote statistics based on the location of business entity activities. Improve the international macroeconomic policy coordination mechanism. (17) Deepening Fiscal and Tax System Reform. Improve the budget system, strengthen the overall planning of fiscal resources and budget, and include all income obtained through administrative power, government credit, and state-owned resources and assets in government budget management. Improve the state-owned capital operating budget and performance evaluation system, and strengthen the financial guarantee for major national strategic tasks and basic livelihoods. Strengthen macro guidance on budget preparation and fiscal policy. Strengthen public service performance management and emphasize ex-ante functional evaluation. Deepen zero-based budgeting reform. Unify budget allocation power, improve the unity and standardization of budget management, and improve budget disclosure and supervision systems. Improve the accrual-based government comprehensive financial reporting system. Improve a tax system that promotes high-quality development, social fairness, and market unity, and optimize the tax structure. Study a tax system compatible with new business forms. Fully implement the principle of taxation by law, standardize tax preferential policies, and improve support mechanisms for key areas and crucial links. Improve the direct tax system, improve the combined individual income tax system, standardize tax policies for business income, capital income, and property income, and implement unified taxation of labor income. Deepen tax collection and administration reform. Establish a clear responsibility, financially coordinated, and regionally balanced central and local fiscal relationship. Increase local autonomous fiscal capacity, expand local tax sources, and appropriately expand local tax management authority. Improve the fiscal transfer payment system, clear and standardize special transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and improve the degree of matching between city and county fiscal capacity and responsibilities. Establish a transfer payment incentive and restraint mechanism that promotes high-quality development. Promote the backward shift of consumption tax collection and its steady devolution to local governments, improve the VAT retention and refund policy and deduction chain, and optimize the sharing ratio of shared taxes. Study merging urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge, and local education surcharge into a local surtax, and authorize local governments to determine specific applicable tax rates within a certain range. Reasonably expand the scope of support for local government special bonds, and appropriately expand the fields, scale, and proportion used as capital. Improve the government debt management system, establish a full-scope local debt monitoring and supervision system and a long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving hidden debt risks, and accelerate the reform and transformation of local financing platforms. Standardize non-tax revenue management, appropriately delegate some non-tax revenue management authority, and allow local governments to manage differentially based on actual conditions. Appropriately strengthen central affairs and increase the proportion of central government expenditure. Central government affairs should, in principle, be arranged through central government expenditure, reducing central government affairs entrusted to local governments. It is not allowed to illegally require local governments to arrange supporting funds, and for affairs that do need to be entrusted to local governments, funds should be arranged through special transfer payments. (18) Deepening Financial System Reform. Accelerate the improvement of the central bank system and smooth the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Actively develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, elderly care finance, and digital finance, and strengthen high-quality financial services for major strategies, key areas, and weak links. Improve the positioning and governance of financial institutions, and improve incentive and restraint mechanisms for serving the real economy. Develop diversified equity financing, accelerate the development of a multi-layered bond market, and increase the proportion of direct financing. Optimize the management system of state-owned financial capital. Improve the capital market's function of coordinating investment and financing, prevent risks, strengthen supervision, and promote the healthy and stable development of the capital market. Support long-term funds entering the market. Improve the quality of listed companies, and strengthen supervision of listed companies and delisting systems. Establish a long-term mechanism to enhance the inherent stability of the capital market. Improve the behavioral norms and restraint mechanisms for major shareholders and actual controllers. Improve the dividend incentive and restraint mechanism for listed companies. Improve the investor protection mechanism. Promote the alignment of rules and standardization of regional equity markets. Enact financial laws. Improve the financial regulatory system, bring all financial activities under supervision in accordance with the law, strengthen regulatory responsibilities and accountability systems, and strengthen central and local regulatory synergy. Build safe and efficient financial infrastructure, unify financial market registration and custody, settlement and clearing rules and systems, establish a hard constraint system for early risk correction, and build a financial stability guarantee system that effectively prevents systemic risks. Improve mechanisms for financial consumer protection and combating illegal financial activities, and build a "firewall" between industrial capital and financial capital. Promote high-level financial opening up, steadily and solidly advance RMB internationalization, and develop the offshore RMB market. Prudently advance the research and development and application of digital RMB. Accelerate the building of Shanghai as an international financial center. Improve the pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list management model, and support eligible foreign-invested institutions to participate in financial business pilots. Prudently expand financial market interconnection, and optimize the qualified foreign investor system. Promote the building of an independent and controllable cross-border payment system, and strengthen the financial security mechanism under open conditions. Establish a unified full-scope foreign debt supervision system. Actively participate in international financial governance. (19) Improving the Mechanism for Implementing the Regional Coordinated Development Strategy. Build a regional economic layout and spatial system with complementary advantages. Improve systems and policy frameworks for promoting the formation of a new pattern of western development, achieving new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast, accelerating the rise of the central region, and accelerating the modernization of the eastern region. Promote regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to better play their role as growth engines for high-quality development, and optimize mechanisms for the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Promote the high-standard and high-quality construction of Xiong'an New Area. Promote the in-depth and solid construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Improve the functional zoning system, and strengthen the mechanism for ensuring optimized spatial development. Improve the regional integrated development mechanism, build a new mechanism for inter-administrative region cooperation and development, and deepen East-Central-West industrial collaboration. Improve systems and mechanisms for promoting marine economic development. VI. Improving Urban-Rural Integrated Development Mechanisms Urban-rural integrated development is an inherent requirement of Chinese modernization. We must coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the level of urban and rural planning, construction, and governance integration, promote the equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural elements, narrow the urban-rural gap, and promote common prosperity and development in urban and rural areas. (20) Improving Systems and Mechanisms for Advancing New-Type Urbanization. Build a virtuous interaction mechanism for industrial upgrading, population agglomeration, and urban development. Implement a household registration system that registers in the permanent residence and provides basic public services, promote the enjoyment of equal rights for eligible agricultural transfer population in social insurance, housing security, and compulsory education for accompanying children as the local registered population, and accelerate the urbanization of agricultural transfer population. Guarantee the legitimate land rights and interests of farmers settling in cities, legally safeguard their land contracting rights, homestead use rights, and collective income distribution rights, and explore establishing methods for voluntary and compensated withdrawal. Adhere to the principle of "people's city built by the people, people's city for the people." Improve the urban planning system, and guide the coordinated development and intensive layout of large, medium, and small cities and small towns. Deepen the reform of urban construction, operation, and governance systems, and accelerate the transformation of urban development methods. Promote the formation of a new intelligent and efficient governance system for megacities and supercities, and establish a mechanism for integrated development of metropolitan areas. Deepen the reform of empowering mega-towns with economic and social management rights commensurate with their population and economic scale. Establish a sustainable urban renewal model and policies and regulations, strengthen the construction of underground comprehensive pipe corridors and the upgrading of old pipelines, and deepen urban safety and resilience enhancement actions. (21) Consolidating and Improving the Basic Rural Management System. Orderly advance the pilot of extending the second round of land contracts for another thirty years upon expiration, deepen the reform of separating the ownership right, contract right, and management right of contracted land, and develop appropriate-scale agricultural operations. Improve the agricultural management system, improve the mechanism for forming land management right transfer prices, promote farmer cooperative operations, and link support policies for new agricultural business entities to increasing farmers' income. Improve a convenient and efficient agricultural socialized service system. Develop a new type of rural collective economy, build an operation mechanism with clear property rights and reasonable distribution, and grant farmers more sufficient property rights. (22) Improving Strong Agriculture, Benefitting Farmers, and Enriching Farmers Support System. Adhere to prioritizing agricultural and rural development, and improve the investment mechanism for rural revitalization. Strengthen county-level industries that enrich farmers, build a diversified food supply system, and cultivate new rural industries and business forms. Optimize the agricultural subsidy policy system, and develop multi-level agricultural insurance. Improve a normalized mechanism covering rural population to prevent returning to poverty due to destitution, and establish a layered and categorized assistance system for rural low-income population and underdeveloped areas. Improve the long-term management mechanism for assets formed by national investment in poverty alleviation. Apply the experience of the "Thousands of Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousands of Villages Renovation" project, and improve the long-term mechanism for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. Accelerate the improvement of the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers, and promote grain and other important agricultural product prices to remain at a reasonable level. Coordinate the establishment of an inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain producing and marketing areas, and take substantive steps in compensating the interests of main producing areas. Coordinate the promotion of reform of the grain purchasing, marketing, and reserve management system, and establish a new regulatory model. Improve the long-term mechanism for grain and food saving. (23) Deepening Land System Reform. Reform and improve the system of cultivated land occupation-compensation balance, include all types of cultivated land occupation under unified management, improve the cultivated land supplementation quality acceptance mechanism, and ensure that balance standards are met. Improve the construction, acceptance, and management mechanisms for high-standard farmland. Improve the management system that guarantees cultivated land is used for planting basic crops. Allow legally owned rural housing by farmers to be revitalized through renting, equity participation, cooperation, and other means. Orderly advance the reform of rural collective operating construction land entering the market, and improve the land value-added income distribution mechanism. Optimize land management, improve a land management system that is efficiently linked with macroeconomic policies and regional development, prioritize guaranteeing reasonable land use for leading industries and major projects, and give advantageous regions greater development space. Establish a coordination mechanism for new urban construction land indicators allocation and permanent resident population increase. Explore a mechanism where the state centrally reclaims cultivated land for specific projects and regions to achieve occupation-compensation balance. Optimize urban industrial and commercial land use, accelerate the development of the secondary market for construction land, promote mixed development and rational conversion of land uses, and revitalize existing land and inefficient land. Carry out special governance of land use in various industrial parks. Formulate policies for extending and renewing the use rights of industrial and commercial land upon expiration. VII. Improving Systems and Mechanisms for High-Level Opening Up Opening up is a distinctive symbol of Chinese modernization. We must adhere to the basic national policy of opening up, adhere to promoting reform through opening up, rely on the advantages of China's super-large market, enhance opening-up capabilities in expanding international cooperation, and build a new system for a higher-level open economy. (24) Steadily Expanding Institutional Opening Up. Actively align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, achieve mutual compatibility in rules, regulations, management, and standards in areas such as property rights protection, industrial subsidies, environmental standards, labor protection, government procurement, e-commerce, and financial fields, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Expand autonomous opening up, orderly expand China's commodity market, service market, capital market, labor market, etc., to the outside world, and expand unilateral opening up to the least developed countries. Deepen reform of the foreign aid system and mechanism, and achieve full-chain management. Safeguard the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system, and provide more global public goods. Expand the network of high-standard free trade zones facing the world, establish compliance mechanisms linked to international common rules, and optimize the environment for opening up and cooperation. (25) Deepening Foreign Trade System Reform. Strengthen the synergy of trade policies with fiscal, tax, financial, and industrial policies, build institutional support and policy support systems for a strong trading nation, accelerate the integration of domestic and foreign trade, and actively respond to the trends of trade digitalization and greening. Promote innovation in customs clearance, taxation, and foreign exchange supervision, and create an institutional environment conducive to the development of new business forms and models. Innovate and develop digital trade, and promote the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones. Build bulk commodity trading centers, build global distribution and allocation centers, support various entities in orderly layout of overseas circulation facilities, and support qualified regions in building international logistics hubs and bulk commodity resource allocation hubs. Improve trade risk prevention and control mechanisms, and improve the export control system and trade remedy system. Innovate and enhance service trade, fully implement the negative list for cross-border service trade, promote comprehensive pilot demonstrations for expanding opening up in the service industry, and encourage professional service institutions to enhance their international service capabilities. Accelerate the development of offshore trade, and develop new types of offshore international trade business. Establish and improve a cross-border financial service system, and enrich financial products and service offerings. (26) Deepening Foreign Investment and Outward Investment Management System Reform. Create a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors in accordance with the law. Expand the catalogue of industries encouraged for foreign investment, reasonably reduce the negative list for foreign investment access, fully implement the cancellation of foreign investment access restrictions in the manufacturing sector, and promote the orderly expansion of opening up in telecommunications, internet, education, culture, and medical fields. Deepen the reform of foreign investment promotion systems and mechanisms, guarantee national treatment for foreign-invested enterprises in terms of access to factors, qualification licenses, standard setting, and government procurement, and support their participation in upstream and downstream supply chain coordination. Improve living convenience systems for overseas personnel entering and residing in China, including medical care and payment. Improve systems and mechanisms for promoting and guaranteeing outward investment, improve the outward investment management and service system, and promote international cooperation in industrial and supply chains. (27) Optimizing Regional Opening Up Layout. Consolidate the leading position of coastal areas in opening up, improve the level of opening up in central, western, and northeastern regions, and accelerate the formation of a comprehensive opening-up pattern with land-sea linkage, two-way interaction between East and West. Leverage the advantages of coastal, border, riverine, and transportation arteries, optimize regional opening-up functional division, and create diverse open highlands. Implement the free trade zone upgrading strategy, and encourage original and integrated exploration. Accelerate the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port. Leverage the institutional advantages of "one country, two systems," consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's position as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, support Hong Kong and Macao in building international high-end talent gathering hubs, and improve mechanisms for Hong Kong and Macao to better play their roles in national opening up. Deepen cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and strengthen rule alignment and mechanism对接. Improve systems and policies for promoting cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and deepen cross-Strait integrated development. (28) Improving Mechanisms for Promoting High-Quality Belt and Road Cooperation. Continue to implement the "Belt and Road" science and technology innovation action plan, and strengthen the building of multilateral cooperation platforms in green development, digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance, disaster reduction, and other fields. Improve the integrated land, sea, air, and cyber layout, and build a three-dimensional Belt and Road connectivity network. Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. VIII. Improving the Whole-Process People's Democracy System Developing whole-process people's democracy is an essential requirement of Chinese modernization. We must unswervingly follow the political development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to and improve our fundamental political system, basic political system, and important political systems, enrich democratic forms at all levels, and embody the people being masters of the country concretely and practically in all aspects of national political and social life. (29) Strengthening Institutional Building for the People to Be Masters of the Country. Adhere to, improve, and effectively operate the people's congress system. Improve the system for people's congresses to supervise administrative organs, supervisory organs, judicial organs, and procuratorial organs, improve the supervision law and its implementation mechanism, and strengthen people's congresses' review and supervision of budgets and final accounts and supervision of state-owned asset management and government debt management. Improve the rules of procedure of people's congresses and the systems for argumentation, evaluation, appraisal, and hearings. Enrich the content and forms of people's congress deputies' contact with the people. Improve the work mechanism for soliciting public opinion and pooling wisdom. Give full play to the bridging role of mass organizations such as trade unions, Communist Youth League, and women's federations in connecting and serving the masses. (30) Improving the Consultative Democracy Mechanism. Give full play to the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body, improve the mechanism for in-depth consultative interaction, full expression of opinions, and extensive consensus building, and strengthen the building of mechanisms for the CPPCC to reflect social conditions and public opinion, connect with the masses, and serve the people. Improve the CPPCC's democratic supervision mechanism. Improve the consultative democracy system, enrich consultative methods, improve institutionalized platforms for party-to-party consultation, people's congress consultation, government consultation, CPPCC consultation, mass organization consultation, grassroots consultation, and social organization consultation, and strengthen coordination among various consultative channels. Improve the implementation mechanism for consultation before decision-making and during decision-making implementation, and improve the mechanism for adopting, implementing, and feedback of consultative outcomes. (31) Improving Grassroots Democracy System. Improve the grassroots mass autonomy mechanism led by grassroots Party organizations, improve the grassroots democracy system and work system, and broaden channels for various grassroots organizations and the masses to orderly participate in grassroots governance. Improve the system of public affairs disclosure. Improve the democratic management system for enterprises and public institutions with the employee representative congress as the basic form, and improve effective forms for enterprise employees to participate in management. (32) Improving the Broad United Front Work Pattern. Improve policies and measures that give full play to the united front's political role of uniting hearts and gathering strength. Adhere to, develop, and improve China's new type of party system. Better leverage the role of non-Party personages, and improve the system for building a contingent of non-Party representatives. Enact a law on promoting ethnic unity and progress, improve institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. Systematically promote the Sinicization of religions in China, and strengthen the rule of law in religious affairs governance. Improve the political guidance mechanism for intellectuals outside the Party and new social strata. Comprehensively build a close and clean relationship between government and business, and improve the work mechanism for promoting the healthy development of the non-public economy and the healthy growth of non-public economic personages. Improve work mechanisms related to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese affairs. IX. Improving the Socialist Legal System with Chinese Characteristics Rule of law is an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must comprehensively implement the Constitution, safeguard the authority of the Constitution, coordinate the promotion of reforms in all links of legislation, law enforcement, justice, and law-abiding, improve the guarantee mechanism for equality before the law, promote the socialist rule of law spirit, safeguard social fairness and justice, and comprehensively promote the rule of law in all aspects of national work. (33) Deepening Legislative Reform. Improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as its core, improve the institutional system to ensure the full implementation of the Constitution, and establish a reporting system for the implementation of the Constitution. Improve the legislative work pattern where the Party committee leads, the people's congress dominates, the government relies, and all parties participate. Coordinate legislation, revision, abolition, interpretation, and compilation, strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas, improve the constitutional review and record review systems, and improve legislative quality. Explore regional collaborative legislation. Improve the coordination mechanism between intra-Party regulations and national laws and regulations. Build a unified national information platform for laws, regulations, and normative documents. (34) Deeply Advancing Law-Based Administration. Promote the legalization of government institutions, functions, powers, procedures, and responsibilities, promote the standardization, normalization, and convenience of government services, and improve a nationally integrated online government service platform. Improve the legality review mechanism for major decisions and normative documents. Strengthen government legislative review. Deepen administrative law enforcement system reform, improve grassroots comprehensive law enforcement system and mechanisms, and improve administrative law enforcement supervision system and mechanisms. Improve the administrative discretion standard system in areas such as administrative penalties, and promote cross-regional alignment of administrative law enforcement standards. Improve the dual衔接 system of administrative penalties and criminal penalties. Improve the administrative reconsideration system and mechanism. Improve the administrative adjudication system. Improve the vertical management system and local hierarchical management system, and improve the coordination mechanism between vertical management agencies and local cooperation. Prudently advance institutional optimization for small population counties. Deepen the reform of development zone management system. Optimize the structure and layout of public institutions, and strengthen public welfare. (35) Improving the System for Impartial Law Enforcement and Justice. Improve the system and mechanism where supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorial organs, judicial organs, and judicial administrative organs perform their respective duties, and where supervisory power, investigative power, procuratorial power, judicial power, and enforcement power cooperate and restrain each other, ensuring that all links and the entire process of law enforcement and justice operate under effective checks and balances and supervision. Deepen the reform of separation of judicial power and enforcement power, improve the national enforcement system, and strengthen the full-process supervision of enforcement activities by parties, procuratorial organs, and the public. Improve the law enforcement and judicial relief and protection system, and improve the state compensation system. Deepen and regulate judicial openness, and implement and improve the judicial responsibility system. Standardize the establishment of specialized courts. Deepen the reform of administrative case hierarchical jurisdiction, centralized jurisdiction, and extraterritorial jurisdiction. Build a collaborative and efficient police system and mechanism, promote the reform of local public security organ institutional establishment management, and continue to promote the reform of the management system of civil aviation public security organs and customs anti-smuggling departments. Standardize the management system for auxiliary police personnel. Adhere to the correct view of human rights, strengthen human rights law enforcement and judicial protection, improve work mechanisms such as ex-ante review, ex-post supervision, and ex-post correction, improve systems for compulsory measures involving citizens' personal rights, as well as sealing, seizing, and freezing, and investigate and punish criminal acts such as abusing power for personal gain, illegal detention, and torture in accordance with the law. Promote full coverage of lawyer defense in criminal cases. Establish a minor crime record sealing system. (36) Improving Mechanisms for Promoting the Building of a Rule of Law Society. Improve a public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, and deepen the reform of the lawyer system, notary system, arbitration system, mediation system, and judicial expertise management system. Improve legal publicity and education, and improve the practice-oriented education and training mechanism for law schools. Strengthen and improve the protection of minors' rights and interests, strengthen the prevention and governance of juvenile delinquency, and formulate special corrective education regulations. (37) Strengthening Foreign-Related Rule of Law Construction. Establish a work mechanism for integrated promotion of foreign-related legislation, law enforcement, justice, law-abiding, legal services, and legal talent training. Improve the foreign-related legal and regulatory system and the rule of law implementation system, and deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and justice. Improve judicial trial systems such as parties' legal agreement on jurisdiction and choice of applicable foreign law in foreign-related civil legal relationships. Improve international commercial arbitration and mediation systems, and cultivate world-class arbitration institutions and law firms. Actively participate in international rule-making. X. Deepening Cultural System and Mechanism Reform Chinese modernization is modernization that coordinates material civilization and spiritual civilization. We must enhance cultural confidence, develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, inherit excellent traditional Chinese culture, accelerate adaptation to the rapid development of information technology, cultivate a large contingent of outstanding cultural talents, and stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation. (38) Improving the Ideological Work Responsibility System. Improve the work system for arming the whole Party with the Party's innovative theories, educating the people, and guiding practice, improve the study system for Party committees (leading Party groups) theoretical study central groups, and improve the ideological and political work system. Innovate the research and construction project of Marxist theory, implement the innovation project of philosophy and social sciences, and build an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Improve the spokesperson system. Build a work mechanism and evaluation system adapted to all-media production and dissemination, and promote systemic transformation of mainstream media. Improve the public opinion guidance mechanism and public opinion response coordination mechanism. Promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education. Improve systems and mechanisms for cultivating and practicing socialist core values. Improve and innovate mechanisms for cultivating civilization, practicing civilization, and creating civilization. Implement the civilized rural customs construction project. Optimize the publicity and learning mechanism for heroic figures, innovate the organizational mechanism for patriotism education and various mass theme activities, and promote the whole society to admire heroes, commemorate martyrs, and strive to be pioneers. Build a system for inheriting traditional Chinese virtues, improve systems and mechanisms for building social morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal virtues, improve the long-term mechanism for building integrity, educate and guide the whole society to consciously abide by laws and follow public order and good customs, and resolutely oppose money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism, and historical nihilism. Form a differentiated and precise implementation mechanism for online ideological and moral education. Establish and improve a coordinated governance mechanism for prominent problems in the moral sphere, improve the long-term mechanism for "sweeping away pornography and illegal publications," and enrich effective methods for preventing new types of corruption and hidden corruption. (39) Optimizing Cultural Service and Cultural Product Supply Mechanisms. Improve the public cultural service system, establish a mechanism for high-quality cultural resources to directly reach the grassroots, improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and promote the reform of separation of ownership and use rights of public cultural facilities. Deepen the reform of state-owned cultural assets and state-owned cultural enterprises, promote categorized internal reforms in cultural public institutions, and improve mechanisms for the construction and development of performing arts troupes. Adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, adhere to combining output of achievements and talents, and grasping works and environments simultaneously, improve the service, guidance, and organizational mechanisms for literary and artistic creation and production. Improve the cultural industry system and market system, and improve cultural economic policies. Explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, and accelerate the development of new cultural business forms. Deepen the reform of the administrative approval and filing system in the cultural field, and strengthen ex-post supervision. Deepen the comprehensive governance of the entertainment field. Establish a coordination agency for cultural heritage protection and inheritance work, establish a cultural heritage protection supervision system, and promote systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage. Build a system of Chinese civilization identifiers. Improve systems and mechanisms for deep integration of culture and tourism. Improve the public service system for national fitness, and reform and improve the management system and operating mechanism of competitive sports. (40) Improving the Integrated Network Governance System. Deepen the reform of the network management system, integrate network content construction and management functions, and promote integrated management of news publicity and online public opinion. Improve the development and management mechanisms for generative artificial intelligence. Strengthen the building of rule of law in cyberspace, improve the long-term mechanism for network ecological governance, and improve the work system for protecting minors online. (41) Building a More Effective International Communication System. Promote the restructuring of the international communication landscape, deepen the reform and innovation of mainstream media's international communication mechanisms, and accelerate the building of a multi-channel, three-dimensional external communication pattern. Accelerate the building of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of international communication. Build a mechanism for practicing the Global Civilization Initiative. Promote convenience in "going out" and "bringing in" management, and expand international cultural and people-to-people exchanges and cooperation. XI. Improving Systems for Guaranteeing and Improving People's Livelihoods Guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods in development is a major task of Chinese modernization. We must adhere to doing our best within our capabilities, improve the basic public service system, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, solve the most pressing, direct, and realistic problems of the people, and continuously meet the people's aspirations for a better life. (42) Improving Income Distribution System. Build a coordinated and complementary system of initial distribution, redistribution, and third distribution, increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in initial distribution. Improve mechanisms for determining, reasonably increasing, and guaranteeing wages for laborers, and improve policies and systems for distribution according to factors. Improve redistribution adjustment mechanisms such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Support the development of public welfare and charity undertakings. Regulate income distribution order, regulate wealth accumulation mechanisms, increase urban and rural residents' property income through multiple channels, and form a system that effectively increases the income of low-income groups, steadily expands the size of middle-income groups, and reasonably adjusts excessively high incomes. Deepen the reform of the state-owned enterprise wage determination mechanism, and reasonably determine and strictly regulate the remuneration, allowances, and subsidies of state-owned enterprise leaders at all levels. (43) Improving Employment-First Policy. Improve mechanisms for promoting high-quality and full employment, improve the employment public service system, and focus on solving structural employment contradictions. Improve the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and demobilized military personnel, and improve the lifelong vocational skills training system. Coordinate urban and rural employment policy systems, simultaneously advance reforms in household registration, employment, and archives services, optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship and employment promotion, and support and regulate the development of new employment forms. Improve systems and mechanisms for promoting equality of opportunity, and smooth channels for social mobility. Improve the labor relations consultation and coordination mechanism, and strengthen the protection of laborers' rights and interests. (44) Improving Social Security System. Improve the national pooling system for basic old-age insurance, and improve a unified national social security public service platform. Improve the social security fund's value preservation and appreciation and safety supervision system. Improve the reasonable adjustment mechanism for basic old-age and basic medical insurance funding and benefits, and gradually increase the basic old-age pension for urban and rural residents. Improve the social security system for flexible employees, migrant workers, and new employment forms personnel, expand the coverage of unemployment, work injury, and maternity insurance, fully abolish household registration restrictions for participation in insurance in the place of employment, and improve policies for social security relationship transfer and continuation. Accelerate the development of a multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, expand the coverage of the annuity system, and implement the individual pension system. Give full play to the supplementary protection role of various commercial insurances. Promote provincial-level pooling of basic medical insurance, deepen medical insurance payment method reform, improve the critical illness insurance and medical assistance system, and strengthen medical insurance fund supervision. Improve the social assistance system. Improve the system for guaranteeing the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Improve the social security system and care service system for people with disabilities. Accelerate the establishment of a housing system that promotes both renting and purchasing, and accelerate the building of a new model for real estate development. Increase the construction and supply of affordable housing to meet the rigid housing needs of wage earners. Support urban and rural residents' diversified and improved housing needs. Fully empower local city governments with autonomy in real estate market regulation, implement city-specific policies, and allow relevant cities to cancel or reduce housing purchase restrictions and cancel the standards for ordinary and non-ordinary housing. Reform real estate development financing methods and the pre-sale system for commercial housing. Improve the real estate tax system. (45) Deepening Medical and Health System Reform. Implement a health-first development strategy, improve the public health system, promote social co-governance, medical-prevention synergy, and medical-prevention integration, and strengthen capabilities in monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, testing and inspection, emergency response, and medical treatment. Promote the coordinated development and governance of medical care, medical insurance, and medicine. Promote the expansion and downward shift of high-quality medical resources and their balanced regional distribution, accelerate the building of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system, promote the construction of closely linked medical alliances, and strengthen grassroots medical and health services. Deepen public hospital reform with a public welfare orientation, establish a fee mechanism primarily based on medical services, improve the remuneration system, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for staffing. Guide and regulate the development of private hospitals. Innovate medical and health regulatory means. Improve mechanisms for supporting the development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and improve mechanisms for the inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine. (46) Improving Population Development Support and Service System. Focus on addressing aging and declining birth rates to improve population development strategies, improve a population service system that covers all people and the entire life cycle, and promote high-quality population development. Improve the fertility support policy system and incentive mechanisms, and promote the building of a fertility-friendly society. Effectively reduce the costs of childbearing, raising, and education, improve the maternity leave system, establish a maternity subsidy system, improve the level of basic maternity and child medical public services, and increase individual income tax deductions. Strengthen the building of an inclusive childcare service system, and support the development of various models such as employer-run childcare, community-embedded childcare, and home childcare points. Grasp the objective laws of population movement, promote relevant public services to follow people, and promote reasonable agglomeration and orderly flow of urban and rural, regional population. Actively respond to population aging, and improve policy mechanisms for developing elderly care services and industries. Develop the silver economy, and create diversified and personalized employment opportunities suitable for the elderly. Prudently and orderly advance gradual delayed statutory retirement age reform based on voluntary and flexible principles. Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, cultivate community elderly care service institutions, improve the operating mechanism of public elderly care institutions, encourage and guide enterprises and other social forces to actively participate, promote mutual aid elderly care services, and promote the integration of medical and elderly care. Accelerate addressing shortcomings in rural elderly care services. Improve services for special disadvantaged elderly people such as the lonely, disabled, and frail, and accelerate the establishment of a long-term care insurance system. XII. Deepening Ecological Civilization System Reform Chinese modernization is modernization where humanity and nature coexist in harmony. We must improve the ecological civilization system, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, actively respond to climate change, and accelerate the improvement and implementation of systems and mechanisms based on the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. (47) Improving the Basic Ecological Civilization System. Implement differentiated, regional, and precise ecological environment management systems, and improve ecological environment monitoring and evaluation systems. Establish and improve a unified and interconnected land spatial use control and planning permit system covering all areas and types. Improve the natural resource asset property rights system and management system, improve the delegated agency mechanism for the ownership of natural resources owned by all people, and establish a responsibility assessment and supervision system for ecological environmental protection, natural resource protection and utilization, and asset preservation and appreciation. Improve the national ecological security work coordination mechanism. Compile the ecological environment code. (48) Improving the Ecological Environment Governance System. Promote the building of ecological environment governance responsibility system, supervision system, market system, and legal and policy system. Improve systems and mechanisms for precise pollution control, scientific pollution control, and law-based pollution control, implement the fixed pollution source supervision system with the pollutant discharge permit system as the core, establish a coordinated new pollutant governance and environmental risk control system, and promote synergistic reduction of multiple pollutants. Deepen the reform of the environmental information disclosure system, and build an environmental credit supervision system. Promote the construction of an integrated ecological environment governance system in important river basins that connects upstream and downstream. Comprehensively advance the building of a nature reserve system mainly based on national parks. Implement the ecological protection red line management system, improve the integrated protection and systematic governance mechanism for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and build a diversified ecological protection and restoration investment mechanism. Implement a rigid water resource constraint system, and fully implement the reform of converting water resource fees into taxes. Strengthen the biodiversity protection work coordination mechanism. Improve the marine resource development and protection system. Improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. Deepen the reform of the paid use system for natural resources. Promote comprehensive ecological compensation, improve the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and coordinate the promotion of ecological environment damage compensation. (49) Improving Green and Low-Carbon Development Mechanisms. Implement fiscal, financial, investment, pricing policies and standard systems that support green and low-carbon development, develop green and low-carbon industries, improve green consumption incentive mechanisms, and promote the construction of a green, low-carbon, and circular development economic system. Optimize government green procurement policies and improve the green tax system. Improve the total resource management and comprehensive conservation system, and improve the waste recycling system. Improve the mechanism for clean and efficient utilization of coal. Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system, and improve policies and measures for new energy consumption and regulation. Improve the work system for adapting to climate change. Establish a new mechanism for the comprehensive transformation from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions. Build a carbon emission statistical accounting system, product carbon labeling certification system, product carbon footprint management system, improve the carbon market trading system, greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading system, and actively and prudently promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. XIII. Advancing the Modernization of National Security System and Capabilities National security is an important foundation for the steady and long-term development of Chinese modernization. We must comprehensively implement the holistic approach to national security, improve systems and mechanisms for safeguarding national security, achieve a virtuous interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and effectively ensure lasting peace and stability of the country. (50) Improving the National Security System. Strengthen the national security work coordination mechanism, improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk monitoring and early warning system, and improve the security guarantee system for key areas and the coordination and command system for important special tasks. Build a linked and efficient national security protection system, and promote national security through technological empowerment. (51) Improving Public Security Governance Mechanisms. Improve the system for handling major public emergencies, improve the emergency command mechanism under the framework of comprehensive security and major emergencies, strengthen grassroots emergency foundations and forces, and improve disaster prevention, reduction, and relief capabilities. Improve the safety production risk investigation and rectification and responsibility tracing mechanism. Improve the food and drug safety responsibility system. Improve the biosafety supervision, early warning, and prevention and control system. Strengthen the construction of the cybersecurity system, and establish an artificial intelligence security regulatory system. (52) Improving the Social Governance System. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, improve the grassroots urban and rural governance system led by Party organizations that combines self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue, and improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and shared benefits. Explore the establishment of a unified national population management system. Improve the social work system and mechanisms, strengthen Party building to lead grassroots governance, strengthen the building of a social worker contingent, and promote the building of a volunteer service system. Promote the rule of law in petition work. Improve the social governance capabilities at the city level, strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, and improve the list management mechanism and normalized promotion mechanism for key matters that can be handled efficiently in one go. Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism. Improve the mechanism for family, family education, and family traditions to play a role in grassroots governance. Deepen the reform of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Improve the social organization management system. Improve the system where township (subdistrict) responsibilities and powers, and resources are matched, and strengthen the service and management forces of townships (subdistricts). Improve the overall social治安 prevention and control system, improve the normalized mechanism for combating organized crime and evil forces, and severely punish illegal and criminal activities that the public strongly reacts to in accordance with the law. (53) Improving Foreign-Related National Security Mechanisms. Establish and improve coordination mechanisms for peripheral security work. Strengthen mechanisms for early warning, prevention and control, and protection of overseas interests and investment risks, deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the security field, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas. Improve mechanisms for countering sanctions, interference, and "long-arm jurisdiction." Improve mechanisms for safeguarding maritime rights and interests. Improve mechanisms for participating in global security governance. XIV. Continuously Deepening National Defense and Military Reform Modernization of national defense and the military is an important component of Chinese modernization. We must adhere to the absolute leadership of the Party over the People's Army, deeply implement the strategy of strengthening the military through reform, and provide strong guarantees for achieving the centenary goals of the military and basically achieving the modernization of national defense and the military as scheduled. (54) Improving the Leadership and Management System and Mechanisms of the People's Army. Improve the institutional mechanism for implementing the Chairman Responsibility System of the Central Military Commission, and deeply advance the political building of the army. Optimize the functional allocation of military commission departments, improve the coordinated promotion mechanism for war preparation, construction, and combat readiness, improve the major decision-making consultation and evaluation mechanism, deepen strategic management innovation, and improve the military governance system. Improve the law-based governance mechanism for the military. Improve supporting policies and systems in areas such as combat readiness and military human resources. Deepen the reform of military academies, and promote the internal development of academies. Implement the adjustment and reform of military enterprises and public institutions. (55) Deepening Joint Operations System Reform. Improve the functions of the Central Military Commission's Joint Operations Command Center, improve the command functions in major security areas, and establish a coordinated operation mechanism with central and state organs. Optimize the composition of theater joint operations command centers, and improve the joint operations command grouping model for mission forces. Strengthen the overall planning of the construction and application of the network information system. Build a new structure and layout of military branches, accelerate the development of strategic deterrent forces, vigorously develop new domain and new quality combat forces, and coordinate the strengthening of traditional combat forces. Optimize the force composition of the People's Armed Police Force. (56) Deepening Cross-Military and Local Reform. Improve the work mechanism for building an integrated national strategic system and capabilities, and improve the decision-making and consultation mechanism related to military affairs. Improve the mechanism for reporting military demands for national defense construction and military-local对接, and improve the national defense mobilization system. Deepen the reform of the national defense science and technology industry system, optimize the layout of the national defense science and technology industry, improve the weapon and equipment procurement system, establish a military product design return mechanism, and build a modern weapon and equipment management system. Improve the coordination mechanism for military-local standardization work. Strengthen the overall planning of construction and management in aerospace, military trade, and other fields. Optimize the leadership and management system and mechanisms for border and coastal defense, and improve the mechanism for joint efforts of the Party, government, military, police, and people in border governance. Deepen the reform of the militia system. Improve the dual support work mechanism. XV. Improving the Party's Leadership Level in Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization The Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of "two establishments," enhance "four consciousnesses," strengthen "four self-confidences," achieve "two safeguards," maintain a high degree of consciousness in leading social revolution with the Party's self-revolution, adhere to governing the Party with a spirit of reform and strict standards, improve the institutional norm system for the Party's self-revolution, and continuously advance the Party's self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement, ensuring that the Party always remains the strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. (57) Adhering to the Centralized Unified Leadership of the Party Central Committee in Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform. The Party Central Committee leads the overall design, coordination, and integrated advancement of reform. Improve the implementation mechanism for major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, ensuring that the Party Central Committee's orders are strictly implemented. Party committees (leading Party groups) at all levels are responsible for implementing the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments, planning and advancing reforms in their respective regions and departments, encouraging exploration and innovation in light of actual conditions, and creating replicable and promotable new experiences. Follow the Party's mass line in the new era, and fully incorporate social expectations, public wisdom, expert opinions, and grassroots experience into reform designs. Set reform topics around solving prominent contradictions, optimize the generation mechanism for key reform plans, uphold truth, correct errors, and timely identify problems and correct deviations. Improve reform incentive and public opinion guidance mechanisms, and create a good reform atmosphere. (58) Deepening Party Building System Reform. Focus on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire Party in grasping reform and promoting development, and improve Party building systems and mechanisms. Strengthen the Party's innovative theoretical armament, and establish and improve a long-term mechanism for building the soul through learning, increasing wisdom through learning, rectifying style through learning, and promoting work through learning. Deepen cadre personnel system reform, clearly establish a correct orientation for selecting and appointing personnel, vigorously select and appoint cadres who are politically sound, dare to take responsibility, are keen on reform, have outstanding performance, and are honest and clean, and focus on solving problems of cadres acting recklessly, not acting, not daring to act, and not being good at acting. Establish and practice correct performance views, and improve effective mechanisms for preventing and correcting deviations in performance views. Implement the "three differentiations," and incentivize cadres to forge ahead and strive for achievements. Promote the normalization of leading cadres' ability to be promoted and demoted, and increase the adjustment of cadres who are unsuitable for their current positions. Improve normalized training, especially basic training mechanisms, strengthen professional training and practical experience, and comprehensively improve cadres' modernization construction capabilities. Improve and implement the tenure system for leading cadres, and improve the handover system for principal leaders of leading bodies. Enhance the political and organizational functions of Party organizations. Explore effective ways to strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. Improve mechanisms for Party member education, management, and role-playing. Improve intra-Party regulations, and enhance the authority and enforceability of intra-Party regulations. (59) Deeply Advancing the Building of Party Conduct, Clean Governance, and the Fight Against Corruption. Improve the mechanism for concretizing, specializing, and normalizing political supervision. Unswervingly implement the spirit of the eight-point frugality rules of the Central Committee, and improve institutional mechanisms for preventing formalism and bureaucracy. Continuously streamline and standardize meetings, documents, and various creation demonstrations, appraisal and evaluation, festivals, exhibitions, and forum activities, strictly control the total number of inspections, checks, and assessments directed at the grassroots, improve the quality of investigations, and make great efforts to solve the problem of excessive frequency and burden. Formulate a list of responsibilities for townships (subdistricts), and improve the long-term mechanism for reducing burdens on the grassroots. Establish a mechanism for regular and concentrated discipline education, deepen the application of the "four forms" of supervision and discipline enforcement, and comprehensively leverage the role of Party discipline in education, restraint, guarantee, and incentive. Improve the work mechanism that integrates courage not to corrupt, ability not to corrupt, and willingness not to corrupt, and strive to eliminate the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption. Improve the mechanism for jointly investigating and treating malpractices and corruption problems, deepen the rectification of corruption in areas where power is concentrated, funds are intensive, and resources are concentrated, seriously investigate and punish problems of collusion between government and business that undermine the political ecosystem and economic development environment, improve the joint punishment mechanism for key bribers, and enrich effective methods for preventing new types of corruption and hidden corruption. Strengthen the governance of false accusations. Improve the mechanism for tracing, preventing, and recovering fugitives and illicit assets. Strengthen the building of integrity culture in the new era. Improve the Party and state supervision system. Strengthen the principal responsibility and supervisory responsibility for comprehensive strict self-governance of the Party. Improve supporting systems for strengthening supervision over "top leaders" and leading bodies. Improve the power allocation and operation restraint mechanism, and oppose privileged thinking and phenomena. Promote the organic衔接 of discipline enforcement and criminal justice. Improve the inspection and patrol work system and mechanism. Optimize the functions of supervisory and investigative agencies, improve the discipline inspection and supervision system for vertically managed units, and promote the comprehensive dispatch of discipline inspection and supervision groups to state-owned enterprises managed by the central government. Deepen the reform of the grassroots supervision system and mechanism. Promote national anti-corruption legislation, revise the Supervision Law, and issue the Anti-Cross-border Corruption Law. (60) Grasping the Implementation of Reform with a "Nail-Hammering" Spirit. For the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments on further comprehensively deepening reform, the entire Party must grasp implementation with a pragmatic spirit and dare to act, adhere to top-down synergy and integration of sectors, scientifically formulate reform task lists, timetables, and priorities, clarify the implementing entities and responsibilities for each reform, and include the implementation of major reforms in supervision and inspection and patrol work, and evaluate reform by actual results and the satisfaction of the people. Chinese modernization is modernization that follows a path of peaceful development. Foreign affairs must firmly pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, practice the common values of all humanity, implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, advocate for an equal and orderly multipolar world and inclusive economic globalization, deepen reform of foreign affairs mechanisms, participate in and lead the reform and building of the global governance system, and firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, creating a favorable external environment for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese modernization. The entire Party, army, and people of all ethnic groups must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the banner of reform and opening up, unite hearts and minds, strive hard, and work hard to comprehensively build a modern socialist powerful country, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization.
The single volume of "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization" has been published by People's Publishing House and is available nationwide at Xinhua Bookstores starting today.
In recent days, central and state organs have thoroughly studied and implemented the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party. Everyone expressed that they must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, deeply understand and grasp the theme, major principles, major measures, and fundamental guarantee of further comprehensively deepening reform, and work together to implement them, transforming the strategic deployments of further comprehensively deepening reform into a powerful force for advancing Chinese modernization. The Plenary Session pointed out that Chinese modernization is continuously advanced through reform and opening up, and will surely open up broad prospects in reform and opening up. Faced with complex international and domestic situations, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and new expectations from the people, we must consciously place reform in a more prominent position and closely focus on advancing Chinese modernization to further comprehensively deepen reform. The Plenary Session emphasized taking economic system reform as the leading factor, with promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people's well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal, paying more attention to systematic integration, more attention to highlighting key points, and more attention to reform effectiveness, promoting a better alignment between production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic base, national governance and social development, and providing strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese modernization. Everyone stated that a series of new ideas, new deployments, and new requirements have pointed the way forward for further comprehensively deepening reform on the new journey, further liberating and developing social productive forces, and stimulating and enhancing social vitality. Anchoring the overall goal of continuing to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, the Plenary Session made systematic deployments for further comprehensively deepening reform in economic, political, cultural, livelihood, ecological, national security, and Party leadership aspects. Everyone expressed that they will exert greater efforts in implementation with a "nail-hammering" spirit, continuously achieve reform successes, and enable the achievements of modernization to benefit the broadest masses of people more and better.
To help Party members, cadres, and the public deeply study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party, relevant central departments organized the compilation of the "Study Guide for 'The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization'" and "One Hundred Questions for Studying and Understanding the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party's 'Decision'," which comprehensively expound on the Plenary Session's "Decision" and serve as authoritative reference materials for studying and understanding the spirit of the Plenary Session. The book includes General Secretary Xi Jinping's explanation on "The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization" delivered at the Plenary Session. Recently, the "Study Guide for 'The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization'" was published and distributed by People's Publishing House, and "One Hundred Questions for Studying and Understanding the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party's 'Decision'" was published and distributed by Party Building Reading Press and Study Press.
Today (July 21) 'People's Daily' published a commentator's article titled "Closely Focusing on Advancing Chinese Modernization to Further Comprehensively Deepen Reform - On Studying and Implementing the Spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party."
This station today (July 21) broadcast CCTV Express Review "Transforming the Strategic Deployments of Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform into a Powerful Force for Advancing Chinese Modernization."
Various regions and departments are resolutely implementing the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping, going all out in rescue and relief efforts, actively carrying out flood prevention and disaster relief, and earnestly safeguarding the lives and property of the people. Today (July 21), at the site of the collapsed highway bridge in Zhashui County, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province, rescue workers are conducting a blanket search using boats, various professional underwater search and rescue equipment, and underwater divers. Currently, more than 2,200 rescue personnel from fire departments, armed police, etc., nearly 500 social rescue teams, and over 1,500 local cadres and people have been deployed. Today, a working group from the Ministry of Transport, along with experts, continued to assess the technical condition of the bridge at the scene, and 15 search and rescue experts and divers arrived at the scene for search and rescue. The heavy rain and mudslide disaster in Xinhua Village, Malie Township, Hanyuan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province, has resulted in more than 30 people missing and 8 deaths. After the disaster, more than 440 professional rescue personnel and over 1,500 sets of professional rescue equipment from Ya'an rushed to the scene to carry out full-scale search and rescue. 115 personnel from the Sichuan Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps, with 9 police dogs, walked to 5 task points at the disaster site to carry out rescue work. According to news from the Ministry of Transport, as of 4 p.m today, all national, provincial, and county roads leading to the disaster area have been cleared, and 2 township roads and 2 village roads are still being cleared. The National Commission for Disaster Reduction, in conjunction with the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, urgently allocated 40,000 pieces of central disaster relief materials, including folding beds and blankets, to support local efforts in emergency relocation and basic living assistance for affected people. Today, the National Development and Reform Commission urgently allocated 350 million yuan of central budget investment to support emergency recovery after heavy rain and flood disasters in Henan, Shaanxi, and Sichuan provinces, mainly for the emergency recovery construction of damaged water conservancy and flood control facilities, schools, hospitals, and other disaster area infrastructure and public service facilities. The current period is the critical "July-August" flood prevention period. The Ministry of Water Resources issued flood prevention work for the seven major river basins, including the Pearl River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, and Huai River Basin, for the next week, strengthening monitoring and early warning, reinforcing inspections and risk elimination, and implementing various measures to effectively safeguard the lives and property of the people.
As of the End of June, National Cumulative Installed Power Generation Capacity Increased by 14.1% Year-on-Year The National Energy Administration released data: As of the end of June, the national cumulative installed power generation capacity was approximately 3.07 billion kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 14.1%. Among them, solar power generation installed capacity was approximately 710 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 51.6%; wind power installed capacity was approximately 470 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase of 19.9%. Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link Traffic Volume Exceeds 2 Million Vehicles Reporters learned from the Guangdong Provincial Department of Transportation that since its opening on June 30, as of 4:10 p.m. on July 20, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link has had a total traffic volume of 2 million vehicles, of which passenger vehicles accounted for 1.8498 million and freight vehicles for 150,200. Since its opening, the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link has had an average daily traffic volume of 100,000 vehicles. Sichuan-Qinghai Railway Zhenjiangguan-Huangshengguan Section Enters Joint Debugging and Testing Phase Today (July 21), the Zhenjiangguan to Huangshengguan section of the Sichuan-Qinghai Railway, which runs from Chengdu, Sichuan to Xining, Qinghai, entered the joint debugging and testing phase. This section is approximately 70 kilometers long, designed for a speed of 200 kilometers per hour, and is planned to open within the year. After its opening, Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan will welcome its first high-speed train line, reducing travel time from Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou from over 7 hours to about 4 hours.
On the afternoon of the 20th local time, Hodeidah, a Red Sea port city controlled by Yemen's Houthi rebels, was air-raided by Israeli warplanes. According to local health authorities, as of now, the airstrikes have resulted in at least 6 deaths, 3 missing, and 83 injured. Witnesses said the airstrikes caused huge explosions and fires in the port area of Hodeidah. A Houthi spokesman said that Israel attacked civilian facilities such as Hodeidah's power plant and oil tanks, and the Israeli military's action was a "barbaric aggression" against Yemen. The Houthi rebels will "not hesitate" to strike important targets within Israel. On the 21st, the Israeli military stated that an air raid siren sounded in the southern Israeli city of Eilat in the early morning. The Israeli military intercepted a surface-to-surface missile launched from the Red Sea direction. Houthi military spokesman Yahya later said that the Houthi rebels successfully hit important targets in Eilat with multiple ballistic missiles and attacked the US ship "Pember" in the Red Sea with missiles and drones. The Israeli military had previously issued a statement the day before, confirming that Israeli warplanes had air-raided Hodeidah's Houthi military targets on the 20th in retaliation for the Houthi drone attack on Tel Aviv, Israel, on the 19th. This is Israel's first attack on Yemeni territory since the current round of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Iranian Foreign Ministry issued a statement on the 20th condemning the Israeli military's airstrikes on Hodeidah, Yemen. Egypt said the same day that the Israeli military action exacerbated regional tensions. UN Secretary-General Guterres expressed concern about the incident on the 20th, urging all relevant parties to exercise restraint.
Russia Claims Destruction of US-Made Equipment in Ukraine, Ukraine Reports Tense Frontline Situation The Russian Ministry of Defense stated on the 20th that Russian forces repelled Ukrainian attacks and launched several offensives in the Kharkiv and Avdiivka directions. Russian forces also destroyed two missile launchers and a radar station belonging to Ukraine's Patriot air defense system. The Ukrainian military stated that the frontline situation remains tense, with the Pokrovsk region experiencing the fiercest fighting. Microsoft Reports System Glitch Affecting Nearly 8.5 Million Devices Microsoft Corporation announced on the 20th that approximately 8.5 million devices worldwide were affected by a system glitch. According to flight tracking websites, the glitch caused over 21,000 delayed flights across the United States. The U.S. emergency service system was also affected for a period. According to U.S. media reports, it may take days or even weeks for the affected devices to fully recover. International Olympic Committee States Paris Olympics Ready The Paris Organizing Committee stated on the 20th that half of the participating National Olympic Committees have arrived in Paris. International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach said on the same day that the Paris Olympics are ready.
分享到Twitter: